8 Tips to Prepare for Your Comprehensive Examination

8 Tips to Prepare for Your Comprehensive Examination For all intents and purposes all master’s and doctoral projects require graduate understudies to take far reaching tests. Such tests are actually that: Comprehensive, expected to cover the whole field of study. It’s a serious deal and your presentation on your lords or doctoral far reaching test can represent the moment of truth your master's level college vocation. Learning everything to think about your field is overwhelming, yet dont let it overpower you. Be orderly in your arrangements and follow these tips to get your reading in progress and get ready for your thorough tests. Find old tests Understudies frequently don't take individualized tests. This is particularly valid for master’s comps. Far reaching tests are frequently managed to gatherings of understudies. In these cases, offices generally have a heap of old tests. Exploit these tests. Sure you likely won't see similar inquiries, however the tests can give data about the sorts of inquiries to expect and the base of writing to know. Now and then, notwithstanding, far reaching tests are custom fitted to every understudy. This is especially valid for doctoral comps. For this situation, the understudy and consultant or some of the time a thorough assessment board of trustees cooperate to distinguish the scope of points shrouded in the test. Talk with experienced understudies. Increasingly experienced alumni understudies have a great deal to offer. Look to understudies who have effectively finished their comps. Pose inquiries like: How are comps organized? How could they get ready? What they would do any other way, and how sure did they feel on test day? Obviously, likewise get some information about the substance of the test. Talk with educators. Typically, at least one employees will plunk down with understudies and discussion about the test and what's in store. Here and there this is in a gathering setting. Something else, ask your coach or a confided in employee. Be set up with explicit inquiries, for example, how significant is understanding and refering to exemplary examination as contrasted and current work? How is the test sorted out? Request proposals on the best way to get ready. Accumulate your examination materials. Accumulate exemplary writing. Direct writing searches to assemble the freshest most significant bits of exploration. Be cautious since its simple to become devoured and overpowered with this part. You won’t have the option to download and understand everything. Settle on decisions. Consider what you’re perusing. It’s simple to escape with the errand of perusing, taking notes, and remembering heaps of articles. Dont overlook that you will be gotten some information about these readings, develop contentions, and examine the material at an expert level. Stop and consider what youre perusing. Recognize subjects in the writing, how specific lines of reasoning advanced and moved, and verifiable patterns. Remember the master plan and consider each article or part - what is its place in the field on the loose? Think about your circumstance. What are the difficulties you face in getting ready to take the comps? Finding and perusing study materials, dealing with your time, keeping gainful, and figuring out how to examine the interrelations of hypothesis and examination are all piece of reading for comps. Do you have a family? Flat mate? Do you have the space to spread out? A peaceful work environment? Consider all the difficulties you face and afterward devise arrangements. What explicit move will you make to battle each challenge? Deal with your time. Perceive that your time is constrained. Numerous understudies, particularly at the doctoral level, cut out time that they give only to contemplating - no working, no instructing, no coursework. Some take a month, others a mid year or more. You have to choose what to concentrate and how much an ideal opportunity to give to every theme. Its probable that you have a superior handle of certain subjects than others, so disseminate your investigation time as needs be. Devise a calendar and put forth a deliberate attempt to decide how you will fit in the entirety of your studying. Each week set objectives. Every day ought to have a daily agenda. Tail it. You will locate that a few points take less time and other additional time. Modify your timetable and plans in like manner. Look for help. Recollect that youre not the only one in getting ready for comps. Work with different understudies. Offer assets and guidance. Essentially hang out and talk about how you’re moving toward the assignment and help each other deal with the pressure. Consider making an examination gathering, set gathering objectives, and afterward report your advancement to your gathering. Regardless of whether no different understudies are getting ready to take comps, invest energy with different understudies. Perusing and concentrating in separation can prompt forlornness, which unquestionably isnt useful for your resolve and inspiration.

Unit 1 Assignment 1 Windows 2008 Network Services Free Essays

Unit 1 †Assignment 1 †Windows 2008 Network Services If you have a directed neighborhood and fast connections that are genuinely dependable, you may have the option to utilize one DNS server for a bigger, numerous sub-got arrange region. In the event that you have a high number of customer hubs on a solitary subnet plan, you should include more than one DNS server to the subnet to give reinforcement and failover if the favored DNS server quits reacting. While deciding the quantity of DNS servers you have to utilize, evaluate the impact of zone moves and DNS inquiry traffic on more slow connections in your system. We will compose a custom paper test on Unit 1 Assignment 1 Windows 2008 Network Services or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Despite the fact that DNS is intended to help lessen communicate traffic between nearby subnets, it creates some traffic among servers and customers that ought to be evaluated, especially when utilized in impressively steered LAN or WAN conditions. Think about the impacts of zone move over more slow speed joins, similar to those normally utilized for a wide region organize (WAN) association. Windows 7 Check Your Understanding iframe class=wp-inserted content sandbox=allow-contents security=restricted style=position: total; cut: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); src=https://phdessay.com/windows-7-registration understanding/implant/#?secret=cW3i1hWumW information secret=cW3i1hWumW width=500 height=282 title=#8220;Windows 7 Check Your Understanding#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com frameborder=0 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 scrolling=no/iframe Despite the fact that the DNS Server administration underpins steady zone moves and DNS customers and servers can store as of late utilized names, traffic contemplations are here and there still an issue, especially when DHCP leases are abbreviated and, thus, dynamic updates in DNS are performed all the more much of the time. One choice for managing remote areas on WAN connections is to set up a DNS server at these areas to give storing just DNS administration. With most establishments, you ought to have in any event two server PCs facilitating every one of your DNS zones for adaptation to internal failure. DNS was intended to have two servers for each zone, one as an essential server and the different as a reinforcement or optional server. When making any last judgments about the quantity of servers to utilize, first survey the degree of adaptation to internal failure you requirement for your system. Since there is no fixed cutoff to the most extreme number of customers a DHCP server can support or to the quantity of degrees you can make on a DHCP server, the essential elements to consider when you decide the quantity of DHCP servers to utilize are arrange design and server equipment. For instance, in a solitary subnet condition, only one DHCP server is important, in spite of the fact that you might need to utilize two servers or send a DHCP server bunch for expanded adaptation to non-critical failure. In different subnet conditions, switches should advance DHCP messages between subnets, so switch execution can influence your DHCP administration. In the two cases, DHCP server equipment influences administration to customers. The most effective method to refer to Unit 1 Assignment 1 Windows 2008 Network Services, Papers

Seattle Land of the Strange, Skies of the Free

Seattle Land of the Strange, Skies of the Free I was walking to the Pacific Science Center with a friend one afternoon, hoping to catch the 8:00 Daft Punk-themed laser show in the planetarium, when we promptly found ourselves blockaded by a veritable barricade of marching bands and crowded cheering. A large marshmallowy Boeing inflatable airliner meandered down the road above our heads. Me: .whats going on? Friend: Me: is that a parade? Friend: Me: Friend: I freaking love this city. Here in Seattle, you see, there seems to be some sort of parade or festival every other week. And they take their parades seriously, too. When we finally left the Daft Punk Dome, the marching bands were still trumpeting. They were joined, every few minutes, by a loud siren claxonning through the air, followed by a cannon blast and the faint smell of gunpowder. Because in Seattle, these guys come out for the parades: Thats a pirate ship in downtown seattle. The charming men onboard rolled rambunctiously through downtown Seattle, occasionally dropping anchor to scare some children, raid an unsuspecting passersby of his beer and chips, and smile for pictures. So if the boats are on the land, whos claiming the water? floating houses and seaplanes. Of course. The nautical flavor of Seattle isnt too surprising it is, after all, a port city but thats far from all that makes Seattle the city it is. For lack of a better word, its  character. Seattle has character, and its screaming,  from the near-supersonic roars of F/A-18s overhead to the percussive expression of a man in a pug mask busking by the mall. Even the art sings to you: this flower by the Space Needle is one of five, and together they play music based on how the people underneath them are moving. And even if the buses are nearly silent (being for the most part electrical), the brickwork at the bus stop has a message for you: And so do the plants by the sidewalk: And the newspaper racks have recommendations on which newspapers to pick up: Wait a minute did I mention F/A-18s? Those would be the Blue Angels, the Naval aerial stunt team that comes to Seattle every year and tears the skies apart for Seafair. The aeroastro in me is all kinds of happy. Meanwhile, by the waters of Lake Union, theres a park built on the skeleton of a gasification plant, and someone is getting married. And in another park, somewhere in Capitol Hill, ten people waving long mallets are practicing the traditional, hard-hitting, fast-paced Seattle art of hardcourt bicycle polo. And meanwhile, here I am, in the midst of it all. Ive been to three or four parades now. Ive taken a nap in a park and finished Junot Diazs stunning short story collection, Drown. Ive finished and fallen in love with that inimitable Joss Whedon space western, Firefly. Ive shaken hands with my bosss boss, which puts me two degrees of separation from the CEO of Amazon. I have jumped in a lake wearing jeans and, I almost regret to say, discovered a hamburger greater than In-N-Out. Ive also accidentally had a crushingly delicious dinner in a 21+ only restaurant (I swear, they didnt check ID and I didnt find out until afterwards). Ive been sunburned twice, and I can now use my watch tan to tell the time. I will say: Im excited for sophomore year at MIT. Im excited for Unified Engineering (yes, really) and for the two creative writing classes Im hoping to take. Im excited to see my friends perform in one of my favorite musicals (Grease!) and to audition for another of my favorite musicals (Legally Blonde! I say again, Legally Blonde!). Im going to be building another airplane for Design/Build/Fly. Im moving into a new room on 2E at East Campus, to be closer to my friends in the Toons and closer to the beating heart of MIT. But Ill be sad to leave Seattle.

How to Use Adjectives in English

An adjective describes how something is. For this reason, we often use the verb to be when using adjectives. Adjectives are used to describe nouns. There are two types of sentences we use with adjectives, which are detailed below. Subject To Be Adjective Example: Tom is shy.Alice is happy. Subject Verb Adjective Noun Example: That is a big building!Peter has a fast car. The adjective is always invariable. Example: beautiful trees, they are happy Take note of these important rules to follow when using this sentence pattern. Adjectives dont have a singular and plural form OR a masculine, feminine and neutral form.Adjectives are always the same! Never add a final –s to an adjective.Adjectives can also be placed at the end of a sentence if they describe the subject of a sentence. ​​Example: My doctor is excellent,  as opposed to  difficults  books, which is incorrect Adjectives Are Placed Before Noun Example: a wonderful book; very interesting people Note: Dont place an adjective after the noun Example: an apple red

Preservation And Restoration Of Persepolis - 2056 Words

Ancient Ruins of Persepolis Application report for the United Nations Committee for the Conservation Preservation and Restoration of Ancient monuments and Sites (UNCCPRAMS) grant to assist the conservation, preservation and restoration of Persepolis. Written by Ruby McCann, member of the ‘Conservation, Preservation and Restoration of Persepolis society.’ As the a member of the ‘conservation, reservation and restoration of Persepolis society’ (CRRPS) I would like to apply for your grant so I can begin to restore and fix damaged parts of the Persepolis complex. The Persepolis ruins are a heritage listed site with a very important historical background. The money will also go towards further archaeological research in order to uncover more about the ancient Persian empire. I fear that the more run down the site gets the less significant it will become and its character will be lost, and the ancient Persian empire will be forgotten. This money will be beneficial in maintaining the site. Background Persepolis, built in 550 BC by Achaemenid King Darius ‘the great’, was known in its day as the richest city under the sun. The capital of the largest empire the world had ever seen, it was built on an immense half-artificial, half-natural terrace, where the King created an impressive palace complex. The importance and quality of the monumental ruins make it a unique archaeological site. A popular tourist attraction, and a significant part of the ruins is the westShow MoreRelatedRosalind Krauss - Photographys Discursive Spaces9350 Words   |  38 Pagesorg/journals/caa.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a

Mother to Son Free Essays

Langston Hughes’s poem entitled â€Å"mother to Son† is a poem of nurturing, love, and discussion of thoughts. The mother as the narrator of the poem shares her thoughts about life. She said that life is not an easy journey. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother to Son or any similar topic only for you Order Now   She relates her life to a stair, which was not a crystal or a beautiful and genuine gem. As what she is trying to tell her son, life is a never-ending journey with full of mysteries, fear, struggle, pain, success, and meaning. The mother saw her child giving up on something so she told him not to think about the negativities for it was the challenge of living. From the beginning of the poem, the narrator already took place as the authority and judge. As she stated her case, she already concluded many things around her journey and life. However, every insight that was imposed as personal justifications by using the words â€Å"for me†. It means that the conclusion is an opinionated discussion. Everything is logical but deep. The narrator reaches her hand towards her son as she wanted him to become a better person like the way she treated her life during her childhood until she became an adult. Her transition from being a soft-spoken mother to an imposer and going back to a nurturing and loving mother is a also a significant idea within the poem as she used the word â€Å"son† in the beginning, â€Å"boy† in the middle and â€Å"honey† in the latter part of the poem. The word â€Å"son† showed her literal relationship with her child. As she used the word â€Å"boy† it shows that the narrator became an imposer, but as she went used the word â€Å"honey† she imposed a more intimate relationship with her child – her love, nurturance and acceptance of her son’s weakness. Through this, the relationship of mother and child became an educator and student relationship but soon goes to a more intimate relationship that moulds the mother and the son to be intact. In terms of the symbolisms, elements, and images within the poem, the author used the images that can be seen within the house such as carpet, stair, and floor. It shows the true essence of motherhood because literally or logically speaking, mothers are made to nurture the home and the family. By looking or analyzing the images alone, it can be seen that narrator is a woman or a mother to be specific because it embossed the responsibilities of a woman within the house. There are also ironies within the poem such as dark and light, climbin’ and landin’, and fall and climb. The author showed a balance justification of strength and weakness towards the mother’s personality showing that she was not a perfect person, but trying to become a better one for her child. The author succeeds his attempt to incorporate both negative and positive aspects of life, which is a sensitive issue especially if a child is part of the situation. His attack was simple but complete. He stated everything a mother and child should know within a short poem that distinguishes him to become an effective moralist poet. The passage â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair† was the main thesis of the poem. At the end of the narrator’s discussion, she showed in what she is trying to say about life by restating the main argument of the poem. This attack shows her responsibility to give her child a goof faith or belief how life is going to be as he went to his own journey. She pushed her son to climb the stair without thinking of the negative aspects of life but always on the positive side of everything because negativities are part of life but it was not the only reason for living. Work Cited Hughes, Langston. Mother to Son. (n.d.) 5 December 2007. http://www.tnellen.com/cybereng/matoson.html How to cite Mother to Son, Essay examples

Christian Ethics for Explorations in Theology -myassignmenthelp

Question: Should Christians become vegetarians? Answer: Introduction On my view, I think the Christian should become vegetarians. Over the years there has been controversy on regardless of whether Christians have the obligation of following the vegetarian, or at best meat-free diet that has progressed on for the decades (Amato Partridge, 2013). Most of the religions possess some type of the dietary laws; for instance the Old Testament, has detailed the food specifications that are still accompanied by various religions. Moreover, while looking for the scriptures for the alternatives, interpretations of precisely what the Bible highlights with regards to whether the mankind should devour other animals or at least differ much widely. Depending on David Grumett, a lecturer in the Christian Ethics at the University of the Edinburgh, he has proven there is certainly simply no solitary perspective in the Christian theology regarding consuming of the animals (Amato Partridge, 2013). Nevertheless, in the event that the meat is eaten, Dr David implies there ought to be moral approach. The animals must be elevated well. They should be recognized in precisely how they may be treated since they are gifts from God that were meant as companion. Additionally, if they are killed, this must be handled total minimum pain and the feasible suffering (Mackay, 2011). In this essay it will look at whether Christian should become vegetarians, considering they are re-evaluated on the moral status of the animal since they are concerned with the animal suffering. Individuals who become vegetarians often speak of the conversion to vegetarianism, because of this ethical component when it comes to their dietary practices. They have come to realize that the animals have the feelings and we should not kill them unnecessarily. Communicating to this ethical concern to the outside world, is much more difficult (Mackay, 2011). The Christian vegetarians more often find themselves in the odd position of sharing of the central part of their lives with the Jewish or the secular vegetarian which they do not share with their own religious community. Biblical narrative on killing animals In the narrative of the Bible God bestowed Noah together with his descendants restricted consent when it comes to consuming meat, however this is certainly particularly takes place after the sins comes into the order of the creation (Conradie, 2016). For great the history of the Christian history the new heavens along with the new earth that has already been pointed out in the New Testament it is decided to incorporate then nonhuman animals. Based on the Pope Francis he had pointed out that each in the off the cuff remarks and binding papal records that the afterlife might be knowledgeable by our fellow creatures (Largen, 2009). This explains that the animals are cherished animals by God and themselves will certainly predict the external life as the human experiences. The ramifications of the theological incontrovertible fact that the nonhuman animals fall under God instead of to the humans, has been obviously to the early Christians compared to it is to us presently (Largen, 2009). You will find different variation of the Christians that are commencing to recuperate to an infinitely more conservative view for the animals; one that honors the Bible along with the traditional Christianity over the present practices of sacrificing billions of the animals which are regarded idol of consumerism. Reason why Christians should give up animal cruelty and become vegetarians. One of the reason is that Gods original menu for the humans was vegan. This has been clearly examined in Bible in the book of Genesis 1 :29-30 ; it emphasizes that , Then God stated , I have provided you every single seed-bearing plant that are on the surface of the entire world and every tree that has fruit with seed within it (Linzey, 2009) . These will likely be your food. Also to all the beasts of the earth together with the birds that are in the sky in addition to the creatures which move along the ground-everything which breathe of life in it- I give every green plant for the food. This shows that God wanted man to eat the green plant for food he did not specify that the animals be eaten. From my understanding and interpretation is that God clearly highlighted that the man should eat the green plant for food and did not highlight that the animals he had provided be food. Another reason is that eating meat could cause climate change. The Christians are called to be the caretakers of the creations, yet the meat, eggs as well as dairy food waste much of the valuable resources and they contribute to the deadly change in the climate (Linzey, 2009). One of the single most effective things which the Christians could do would be to steward the creations of God and go vegan. Another reason is the animals do not want to die for our supper. Jesus understood how animals could much rather take care of their families than end up on our end plates. According to the Bible in the Scripture of Mathew 23: 37 highlights that, How often have I longed to gather on your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings. There has been questions has to whether it is ethical for the humans to consume the animals. It appears that the religious leaders all throughout the ages have been able to grapple with the contradictions which are inherent in the following as well as advocating peaceful existence of the human while at the same time they are killing and eating the animals (Tester, 2014). When it comes to the Christians there has been dilemma which is central which has been addressed in the very first chapter in the Bible Genesis, which has preceded even on the 10 Commandments which states that the initial thing which God did was creating the humans so they were termed to steward the earth along with the creatures (Gruen, 2011). The second thing which he announced was to see have I have offered you even the plant which produce seed that are on face of the earth, and every tree that has fruit ; you shall have them for food . This demonstrates an obvious call for the Vegetarianism from the basis of pre cisely what God has pointed out. Eating animals, today has certainly not been taken lightly. The Christian theologians are rediscovering the links that is between out dietary and spiritual choices (Linzey, 2009). Many people are arguing that vegetarianism is the diet that is most compatible with the Christian values for example mercy and compassion. Based on the Anglican priest and the Oxford professor Andrew Linzey who holds a PHD; they have argued that the Bible shows that to stand with the Jesus would be to, respect existence for the sake of the lord of life was to stand with the active empathy for the fragile, against the principle which can be right. Dependent on Linzey view this indicates the Christians should be vegetarian (Linzey, 2009). The contemporary Christian vegetarianism has been rooted to the ethical issues in relation to the abuse of the creation. Historically the Christians who select not to eat the flesh also observed their diet to be the approach to the larger s pirituality along with increased sanctity. Churches views Based on the Anglican Church look at the resolution from the 1998 Lambeth conference of the Anglican Church quite a lot standard to the contemporary considering the Christian with regards to the animals (Gruen, 2011). In the conference they conducted pointed out that the reaffirmation of the biblical vision of creation would be the fact it is a web inter-dependent relationships which is bound together to the covenant which the Holy Trinity has established the entire earth and precisely what is residing in it (Zur Klckner, 2014). Nonetheless, based on the catholic view it knows about that the animals have an instinctive value and they also have a place in the kingdom of God. Based on the Catholic Ethics of life, it highlights that the Christians ought to prevent anything which generate all the unnecessary struggling or maybe death to the animals (Mackay, 2011). Based on the Bible it highlights that in Gods plan man along with the woman have the vocation of subduing worldwide as the s tewards of God (Tester, 2014). This therefore, means that they were given the power to rule over everything on the earth and be the protectors of the creation of God (Lusk Norwood, 2016). Furthermore, killing of the creations of God do not conform to the aspect that they are protecting them irrespective they are eating them for food purposes. The Christian have the moral duty to consume the foods which may be significantly less due to the unnecessary suffering, unjust treatment, or even the human-induced premature death of the sentient beings that are a lot more focused on preventing the suffering as well as the preserving on their lives that God highlighted are much valuable and good (Mackay, 2011). Nonetheless, despite this Biblical interpretations on this issue there are some Christian who eat meat. Vegetarianism has been a Christian practice which has been based on the impacting compassionate teachings of Jesus Christ as well as the early church to all the sentient. Currently, this practice is not the current when it comes to the western Christian belief in addition to their culture. This notion and practice has just is scriptural and is supported historically. Some Christian have been eating meat since their interpretation in regards to the Bible is that it teaches them that human beings possess the dominion over the beasts and killing them for intent behind food or even any service to the human is a lot permitted (Mackay, 2011). Nevertheless, putting this aside general contentment of this ethos of dominance within the Christianity, the fact simply continue to be that when all the scriptural passages which are relevant to the animal welfare needs to be viewed within the bigger context of the Christian message on the facet of grace, atonement along with mercy that has already been exhibited all through the Bible (Mackay, 2011). There exists a considerably argument that has promoted the humane along with the compassionate treatment of the animals. In the Biblical point of view there have been strong case for the complete abstinence from the meat in addition to all the products that has been taught through the years (Leroy Praet, 2015). Man y of the celebrated Christian leaders, theologians along with the teacher were all vegetarians who espoused the view that the consumption of the meat is significantly as opposed to the Biblical message of love in addition to compassion (Tester, 2014). Biblical hermeneutics helps to resolve issue why Christian should be vegetarians Many of the Christians usually become vegetarians since it has to do with what they believe about God. There usually find that there are assertions when it comes to the scriptures which God has emphasized with the animals (Tester, 2014). Jesus clearly highlighted that not a sparrow falls to the ground without the Heavenly Father being emotionally involved. Additionally, many of the Christians shy away from eating meat because the Bible teaches us that we should treat our bodies just as the temples of God (Leroy Praet, 2015). Thus, individual need to do nothing which will hurt their bodies. Eating of the meat such as the red meat just as dietician would highlight is not good for the human bodies (Tester, 2014). The scripture commands individuals to maintain a healthy bodies and vegetarianism is a much healthier way of life. Moreover, in the peaceful kingdom which the Christ will establish during his second coming, vegetarianism will again be established order to the all the animals, which will also include the humans. Conclusion Becoming a vegan is a personal decision to the Christian, and thus there should be no condemnation of the ones who eat meat. Nonetheless, according to my view Christian who still eat meat need to re-evaluate the moral status of the animals, these are the creatures which were created by God and the humans were given the Stewardship to dominant them and protect them. The scripture of the Bible starting from Genesis that God gave humans all the seed yielding crops for food and did not categorize that the animals be eaten. I do think that the Christians who eat meat need to consider the reasons which I have provided in the essay as to why they need to become vegetarians. References Amato, P. R., Partridge, S. A. (2013). The new vegetarians: Promoting health and protecting life. Springer. Conradie, E. M. (2016). What do we do when we eat? Part II-a theological inquiry. Scriptura, 115, 1-21. Gruen, L. (2011). Ethics and animals: An introduction. Cambridge University Press. Kessler, C. S., Holler, S., Joy, S., Dhruva, A., Michalsen, A., Dobos, G., Cramer, H. (2016). Personality profiles, values and empathy: differences between lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans. Complementary Medicine Research, 23(2), 95-102. Largen, K. J. (2009). A Christian rationale for vegetarianism. Dialog, 48(2), 147-157. Leroy, F., Praet, I. (2015). Meat traditions. The co-evolution of humans and meat. Appetite, 90, 200-211. Linzey, A. (2009). Creatures of the same God: Explorations in animal theology. Lantern Books. Lusk, J. L., Norwood, F. B. (2016). Some vegetarians spend less money on food, others don't. Ecological Economics, 130, 232-242. Mackay, H. (2011). Right and wrong: How to decide for yourself. ReadHowYouWant. com. Tester, K. (2014). Animals and Society (RLE Social Theory): The Humanity of Animal Rights. Routledge. Zur, I., A. Klckner, C. (2014). Individual motivations for limiting meat consumption. British Food Journal, 116(4), 629-642.

Business Management Essay Essay Example

Business Management Essay Paper The issue of managing the business is serious. It requires the availability of a specific experience and ability to multitask. A successful business requires full dedication as well as constant involvement. A person who runs a company or is a head of a project has to be concentrated and accumulate in different circumstances and conditions. Only, in this case, you will have a chance to launch a successful business. A business management essay is a type of written assignments, which presupposes the discussion of various situations and nuances, which faces an entrepreneur. What is more, this type of paper comprises a set of effective rules helping to run the business. It also includes the discussion of various issues related to entrepreneurs activity. Also,  it can present either the overlook or analysis of a specific situation. It should compulsorily describe the possible solution to the problem. The business management essay should be highly informative and sense loaded as people consult it as a source of advice. One has to approach this task seriously. An author also will need availability of specific writing experience as well as critical thinking skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Management Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Preparation of this paper requires in-depth knowledge of the market and the business sphere. One has to be able to think analytically and cope with the biased situation. By nature, this type of paper resembles an analytical and descriptive essay with the elements of evaluative analysis. A person working on this assignments also has to possess well-polished writing skills and be qualified in management issues to produce an informative and relevant piece of info. All in all, a business management essay is a complicated type of assignment, and a writer should prepare for its writing seriously. How to write business management essay? A task to prepare business management receive students studying business or management. They have either to analyze a specific market niche or elaborate a business model for a specific project. It is a task for people, who can think out of the box and find non-standards approaches and solutions. It is a great way to examine, how the student perceived a specific course. Also it helps evaluate his abilities to operate the gained info. That is why professors of colleges, universities and business school demand from student preparation of these assignments. To write a business management essay, an author needs to perform a few steps enabling to create an informative assignment. The primary step presupposes the choice or formulation of the topic. One has to concentrate on a specific aspect or introduce a new concept. A writer has to pick the topic carefully as it defines the overall quality and content. It can also serve as an attention-grabbing factor that will attract a target reader. Apart from that, a writer should take care of an enhancement of the text with the plenty of examples. It will help to reinforce the ideas, create many supportive statements and proofs. Apart from content, a writer should take care of the structure of the essay. A prolific strategy is the creation of an outline. It is a great way to put one’s ideas and thoughts into logical order. What is more, it allows presenting info in a condensed form, avoiding cluttering the paper with the useless info. To get enough material and data, one can conduct small research. It will allow gathering all the necessary info. The structure of the business management essay Each type of academic papers has its structural peculiarities. A reader should follow and preserve them. This type of composition comprises the introductory part with a synopsis of a theory, main body with examples and explanatory notes and conclusions summarizing all the points. Each of these sections has its peculiarities and nuances, which an author should take into account while preparing the essay. Primarily, a writer should compile an introductory part. An opening part should be effectively written. The first sentence should provide the general information relevant to the topic. It should give a background for the target reader so that he can understand what if he will receive further in the text. After that, the author has to present the hook sentence. It should be attention-grabbing and effective. The last sentence of the introductory part should present a thesis the spine for the future writing. The next section is called the main body. In the main body, a writer has to present many persuasive arguments supporting the thesis. The arguments should be enhanced with bright examples illustrating the precious statements. The last section of the business management essay is the concluding part. It should present the summary of the main points presented in the composition. What is more, there should be a rephrasing of a thesis sentence. All in all a paper should be compiled logically and coherently. An author has to include only the relevant to the topic info allowing to illustrate and enhance the central thesis. Ability to think creatively would be a benefit. A good strategy will be to add real-life facts and examples to make the text more interesting for a target reader. You can get a business management essay on paperap.com The task to prepare a business managements essay is very serious and requires the availability of profound writing experience. That is why students start looking for essay writing services, which can provide qualified assistance with the creation of a business management essay. On the web exists a variety of business plan writing services, which can provide help with the creation of this type of essay. However, not all of them are credible and reputable enough. paperap.com is a perfect assistant that will help you with the creation of business management essay. We are the credible and reliable platform offering around the clock assistance with all types of written papers. The service hires the crew of advanced authors, who can quickly cope with the task of any level of complexity. We offer many significant benefits, which make our platform worth choosing. Here you can order an essay and receive it within the shortest terms. On the website exists a support team, which is ready to provide consultations at any time. You may ask a question and receive an immediate answer as the department functions in a live chat regime. Choose paperap.com and get the best business management essay from a credible and reliable platform! To get a paper, you need to make an order. To do that, enter the website and fill in the ordering form. There you have to indicate all the essential details. Insert your title, list of references and mention the requirements. After that, you have to provide the payment. The specialists will prepare your essays in accordance with the deadline you mentioned. Contact paperap.com and get the best business management essay here!

The Bushido Code

The Bushido Code The Samurai's Tale, a book written by Erik Haugaard, portrays a perspicuous image of Japanese society in Medieval Japan. The Bushido Code, a code of conduct which stresses 6 values and is followed by all samurai, plays an important role in this book. The most prominent of these values are loyalty, courage, and honor.To begin with, loyalty, or being faithful to one's lord, is an important value because it strengthens a lord's rule over his lessers. "Your lord is like your father, you must follow him wherever he leads," (p.119) Wada Kansuke pointed out to Taro. Even though Taro may sometimes disagree with Lord Akiyama, he should still remain loyal to him. In a like manner, Lord Akiyama thought that Katsuyori wasn't as skilled as his father, but he remains loyal to Katsuyori because he was Takeda Shingen's son. Even though Lord Akiyama disagrees with Katsuyori, he follows his orders so the Takeda generals will not fight amongst themselves trying to become the next ruler of the Takeda.ta ro dares you to take his beloved stickIn addition, the ronin bandit was very loyal to Lord Obu in spite of his lord's revolt against Takeda Shingen. "I serve Lord Obu and no-one else," (p.116) the ronin bandit objected when Taro suggested that he should join Lord Akiyama. Although joining Lord Akiyama could save his life, the ronin refused because of his loyalty to Lord Obu. Loyalty is what unites the Takeda and other tribes from the lowly peasant to the powerful general.Courage is equally important since it is what enables the samurai to fight each other on the battle field or there would be no fighting because the samurai wouldn't be brave enough to risk their lives. Throughout The Samurai's Tale, Taro shows bravery by doing several remarkable feats. "Fate cheated me of...

Mentally Disordered Suspects, Defendants and Offenders Essay

Mentally Disordered Suspects, Defendants and Offenders - Essay Example As per Bibby v Chief Constable of Essex the court determined that the Constable could arrest a person who could commit an act of violence or could breach the peace (Jerrard, 2000). Under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act a police officer can detain a person who is considered to be mentally disordered. The police officer can remove the person from a public place (such as in this case) and take them to a â€Å"place of safety† including a police station or a psychiatric hospital ward. Further assessment can take place in these places in order to implement treatment under Section 2 or Section 3 of the Mental Health Act (Legislation Government of United Kingdom, 2012 a). b) Discuss police obligations in relation to vulnerable detainees, and with reference to research findings, evaluate the possibility of appropriate intervention being made in Wayne’s case. The police are under obligation of Section 136 of the Mental Health Act to go for an assessment as soon as the perso n is at a â€Å"place of safety† which could be either the police station or a psychiatric hospital ward. The assessment is carried out by two doctors, typically a general practitioner (GP) and a psychiatrist as well as an Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP) such that at least one doctor is a Section 12 approved doctor. The subject assessment may recommend treatment under Section 2 or Section 3 but given the current circumstances the possibility of Section 2 based treatment is high. Section 2 recommends detained treatment for patients who need to be monitored during treatment. Since Wayne has left the treatment system once before so Section 2 is more appropriate1 for ensuring that Wayne undergoes the entire treatment procedure. c) Critically assess the opportunities for diversion at this stage of the criminal justice process. The policemen attending the call for a â€Å"drunken homeless person† would have no idea of Wayne’s background unless he is brought to the station for identification. If careful attention is not paid to Wayne’s background as suffering from schizophrenia, there are chances that he would be prosecuted for breach of peace. This would preclude any chances of mental health assessment and would force Wayne into prison for his actions (though this may not be necessary). The eventual consequence of this approach would be that Wayne would be released back into society again without any changes to his persona. The brush with the criminal justice system may make Wayne more violent and thus a greater danger to public safety. Since Wayne is not involved in a serious crime so there are chances that police in more busy precincts may not adopt the complete procedure for mental health assessment. d) What after care provision should be available for Wayne when he is discharged from hospital? And is there any evidence to suggest that this will prevent the recurrence of these events? The Mental Health Act does not provide f or community intervention and when it does it is only weakly applicable. The real measure of after care provided by the community is â€Å"guardianship† that mandates that the patient will reside at a particular address, will attend a specific clinic regularly and may attend designated workplaces or educational institutions. However, all of this information must be tabulated and followed up after the patient is discharged from the hospital and such follow-up cannot be enforced onto the patient. Section 117 provides that patients who are

Transfusion reaction in a case with the rare Bombay blood group Study

Transfusion reaction in a with the rare Bombay blood group - Case Study Example An occurrence of antigen H, synthesized by H gene, determines the expression of the A and B antigens. The antigen is a substrate for enzymes A and B transferases encoded by ABO blood group genes present on chromosome 19 of the human genome. Due to the absence of transferases in O group, H substance persists on the RBCs leading to the inability of Bombay phenotype patients to synthesize the two antigens. In addition, ABH antigens do not exist in their red blood cells. When transfuse with incompatible blood groups, a hemolytic reaction occurs in Bombay phenotypic recipients. Misdiagnosis in through blood group determination is prevalent in patients with the Bombay phenotype. Bombay phenotype individuals exhibit a high presence of anti-H in their plasma (Shahshahani et al., 2013). The strong presence of antigen H explains the occurrence of hemolytic reaction when transfused with any other blood type apart from Bombay phenotype blood group. Hemolysis is a prerequisite for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) responsible for the symptoms witnessed in the patient. Decreasing cases of misdiagnosis in blood group determination entails incorporating reverse blood grouping together with O control cells to enhance identification of Bombay phenotype donors. Shahshahani, H. J., Vahidfar, M. R., & Khodaie, S. A. (2013). Transfusion reaction in a case with the rare Bombay blood group.  Asian Journal of Transfusion Science, 7(1),

Production of Pure Lipases

Production of Pure Lipases Most Rhizopus lipases described in the literature are produced by their host cells in very small amounts, which is not suitable for large-scale industrial applications. Another drawback of working with native microorganisms is that Rhizopus sp. usually produces different isolipases with different biocatalytic properties, which complicates biocatalytic application with unwanted side effects caused by unrelated enzymes (67). Thus, in order to implement more industrial lipase applications, one of the most promising strategies is to produce heterologous lipases in a host microorganism which have the advantages to minimize the complexity of the bioprocess, to facilitate the more economic production of large quantities of pure lipases and to reduce costs (68). Rhizopus species was mainly divided into three groups, including R. oryzae, R. microsporus, R. stolonifer (69). Until now, the lipase genes from all these three groups have been cloned. Consistent with the proposal that many Rhizopus isolates are actually the same organism (69), nearly complete identities were observed in the lipase genes from the genus Rhizopus. In the R. oryzae group, lipases from R. niveus IFO 9759 (70) (71) (72), R. delemar ATCC34612 (73) (74) and R. javanicus (75) have identical amino acid sequences, and the lipases from R. oryzae ATCC 853 (76, 77) (78) and R. arrhizus L-03-R-1(79) differ by only several substitutions. The lipase from R. stolonifer (GenBank No. AAZ66864.1) and R. chinensis (GenBank No. ABN59381.2)(80) were of about 80% amino acid sequence identity to R. oryzae lipase (GenBank No. BAG16821.1) (Fig). Rhizopus lipases are synthesized as pre-pro-proteins composed of signal sequence, prosequence and mature lipase sequence (76) (80). The production of Rhizopus lipases has been performed in Escherichia coli [8], in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [9] and in Pichia pastoris [10,11]. Due to either different protein post-translational modifications affecting the glycosylation pattern of these lipases, or to proteolytic cleavage products arising from the mature, the pro- or the pre-pro-enzyme, the lipases derived from recombinant strains showed different molecular mass and different enzymatic properties compared with those from wild strains (75) (81). E. coli as host When E. coli was selected as a host, overexpression of R. oryzae prolipase (ProROL) and mature R. oryzae lipase (mROL) was achieved by using E. coli BL321, the heat-inducible vector pCYTEXP1 and the preOmpA sequence to achieve secretion into the periplasmic space (77) (76). Both fusion proteins induced by a temperature shift to 42  °C were correctly processed and translocated to the periplasmic space, but both mROL and ProROL accumulated as insoluble aggregates. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of mROL damages cells even at low concentrations, whereas the expression of active ProROL has no toxic effects on E. coli and the amount of purified active ProROL (103 U/mL) is larger than that of mROL by a factor of more than 100(77). By in vitro refolding of the insoluble form of mROL, its prosequence was supposed to support the refolding of mROL in vitro (77). R. delemar lipase was also expressed as inactive and insoluble forms in the cytoplasm of E. coli BL21(DE3) using plasmid vector pE T11d (74). In order to achieve soluble production in E. coli, Di Lorenzo et al. (82) used a reductase-deficient host strain, E. coli Origami(DE3), which greatly enhance disulfide bond formation in the E. coli cytoplasm, and pET-11d as expression systems, yielded correctly folded and active mROL and ProROL only in the cytoplasm fraction. Although the specific activities of mROL and ProROL are comparable, the yield of ProROL (166U/mL) was higher than that of mROL (82). S. cerevisiae as host In contrast to E. coli expression system, eukaryotic expression system (eg. P. pastoris, S. cerevisiae) has the advantage of secretion into the cell culture supernatant, avoiding cell disruption, and post-translational modifications, including glycosylation and disulfide bond formation. Takahashi et al. (78) reported the production of the active R. oryzae lipase (ROL) by S. cerevisiae. When the ProROL gene fused with S. cerevisiae ÃŽ ±-factor signal sequence was expressed in S. cerevisiae using UPR-ICL as a promoter, two forms of ROL, ProROL (46 kDa) and r28ROL (35 kDa) having 28 amino acids of the prosequence, were secreted into the culture medium, but the activity of mROL was not detected in both the medium and cells (78). The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the processed form r28ROL was cleaved by Kex2-like protease in S. cerevisiae at the recognition site KR in the prosequence (78). The independent production of two different molecular forms of ROL was succe ssfully obtained using Kex2-engineered strains of S. cerevisiae (83). The amounts of enzyme secreted were estimated as 78.8 mg/l broth for ProROL and 38.3 mg/l broth for r28ROL. These two forms of ROL exhibited distinct properties. ProROL were more thermostable than the processed lipase r28ROL (83), which was also observed in the case of R. niveus lipase expressed in S. cerevisiae (84). The expressed R. niveus lipase activity in the culture supernatant reached 1600 U/mL, a value equivalent to 0.2~0.3 g lipase protein per 1 liter of culture supernatant (72). The role of the prosequence of ROL was further analyzed in S. cerevisiae. When mROL was co-expressed in trans with the prosequence fused to the pre-alpha-factor leader sequence, the activity of mROL was recovered, suggested that the covalent linkage of the prosequence to the mROL was not necessary for the function (85) (86) . From the expression of the ROL mutants with deletions at the N-terminal end of the prosequence together w ith mROL in trans, the residues from 20 to 37 in the prosequence were essential for the secretion, and those from 38 to 57 were essential for the formation of the active ROL and might play a role as an intramolecular chaperone (86). Apart from extracellular expression, R. oryzae lipase was also successfully displayed on the cell surface of S. cerevisiae with a lipase activity of 350.6 U/L (87-89). P. pastoris as host On the contrary to S. cerevisiae expression system when the prolipase gene from R. arrhizus was expressed in P. pastoris, only the mature lipase attached with 28 amino acids of the carboxy-terminal part of the prosequence was secreted in the supernatant (Niu, Li et al. 2006). Prolipase with complete prosequence was nearly found in the supernatant which may be the result that the activity of Kex2-like protease was higher in P. pastoris than in S. cerevisiae (Niu, Li et al. 2006). Interestingly, expression of the prolipase gene from R. chinensis in P. pastors produced two forms of lipase, mature lipase attached with 27 amino acids of the prosequence (r27RCL) and mature lipase (mRCL) (Yu, Wang et al. 2009). At the early stage of fermentation, the recombinant P. pastors produced only r27RCL, which was gradually degraded into mRCL along with the fermentation, probably processed by serine proteases presented in the culture medium (Yu, Wang et al. 2009). For R. oryzae lipase, r28ROL was als o observed to convert to mature lipase gradually incubated at 0-6  °C for a few days (Sayari, Frikha et al. 2005, Hama, Tamalampudi et al. 2006). It has been reported that the prosequence from R. chinensis lipases was more efficient than that from ROL in the role of facilitating the folding and secretion of an active lipase (Yu, Sha et al. 2013). The activity of the chimeric lipase from R. oryzae by replacing the prosequence with that from R. chinensis reached 4050 U/mL, which was 11 fold higher than that of the parent expressed in P. pastoris (Yu, Sha et al. 2013). mROL activity expressed in S. cerevisiae was not detected (Ueda, Takahashi et al. 2002), whereas mROL was functionally expressed and secreted in P. pastoris (Beer, McCarthy et al. 1998) (Minning, Schmidt-Dannert et al. 1998). The expression of mROL was compared under different regulated promoters (Serrano 2002) (Cos, Resina et al. 2005) (Resina, Serrano et al. 2004), i.e. alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (PAOX), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (PGAP) and the formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter (PFLD1). Expression of the mature form of ROL under the constitutive PGAP promoter resulted in extremely low extracellular lipase levels (Serrano 2002). PAOX is highly induced during growth on methanol, but tightly repressed during growth of the yeast on most common carbon sources such as glucose, glycerol or ethanol, while PFLD1 allows the design of methanol-free culture strategies, being methylamine a less volatile and flammable inducer. Valero and co-authors (Resina, Cos et al. 2005) (Cos, Resina et al. 2005) successfully expressed mROL in P. pastoris under the PFLD1 promoter using methylamine as nitrogen and sorbitol as carbon source. The productivity under PFLD1 promoter are comparable to the classic PAOX system (Resina, Cos et al. 2005) (Cos, Resina et al. 2005). However, limitationsincurrent knowledgein the regulation of methylamine metabolism in P. pastoris limit thedesignof efficientfermentationstrategies using PFLD1 promoter. The presence of multiple integrated copies of a desired expression cassette has been reported to be an important factor in increasing foreign protein production in P. pastoris (Cos, Serrano et al. 2005). The high-level expression of R. chinensis lipase was achieved by optimization of the lipase gene copy number in the host strain P. pastoris (Sha, Yu et al. 2013). Among 1, 3, 5 and 6-copy strains, the maximum lipase activity reached 12,500 U/mL in 5-cope strain, which was 6.2-fold higher than that in 1-copy strain (Sha, Yu et al. 2013). Maximizing gene copy number sometimes resulted in a decreased final productivity yield (Sha, Yu et al. 2013) or a negative effect on cell growth (Cos, Serrano et al. 2005), which indicated stress effects of Rhizopus lipases overexpression upon P. pastoris cells. Recent transcriptomic-based studies (Sha, Yu et al. 2013) (Resina, Bollok et al. 2007) strongly suggest that heterologous overexpression of Rhizopus lipases in P. pastoris indeed triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, co-expression of certain chaperons could relief the cell stress caused by foreign protein overexpression. The productivity of R. chinensis lipase in P. pastoris was improved by co-expression with ERO1p and PDI (Kumar, Jahan et al. 2013) (Sha, Yu et al. 2013). These two chaperons are involved in the protein disulfide bond formation pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum, thus chaperon co-expression contribute to the relief of the protein overexpression stress in recombinant P. pastoris (Kumar, Jahan et al. 2013) (Sha, Yu et al. 2013). Co-expression of unfolded protein response transcriptional factor (Hac1) resulted in about a 3-fold increase in the overall specific productivity of mROL in P. pastoris while the deletion of GAS1, required for the cell wall assembly, achieved 4-fold increase. And the double mutant HAC1/Δgas1 strain yielded about a 7-fold increase (Resina, Maurer et al. 2009). Novel genetic factors enhancing heterologous protei n secretion in P. pastoris have been identified on the basis of transcriptomic analyses (Gasser, Sauer et al. 2007), which give a new insight into engineering P. pastoris for heterologous expression of foreign proteins. Another factor that should be considered for expression optimization is the Mut phenotype. When single copy mROL was expressed in P. pastoris under control of PAOX, the Maximal lipase activity (205U/mL), the specific production rate (qp, 63 U/gbiomass/h ) and the yield of lipase activity per biomass unit (YP/X, 5775U/gbiomass) by Muts strain were 1.37-, 1.29- and 2.34-fold higher than those by Mut+ strain, while the productivity (2246 U/L/h) by Muts strain was 1.34-fold lower than that by Mut+ strain (Cos, Serrano et al. 2005). For R. chinensis prolipase expressed in P. pastoris, Muts strain exibited 1.4-fold higher activity than that of Mut+ phenotype (Yu, Wang et al. 2009). Muts is not as sensitive as Mut+ to high transient methanol concentrations which make the bioprocess easier to control and enables scale up. However, Muts phenotype fermentation results in long induction times with low growth rates (Arnau, Casas et al. 2011). Different strategies have been implemented in the production of R. oryzae lipase under the PAOX promoter in P. pastoris Mut+ phenotype, eg. dissolved oxygen control (DO-stat), methanol limited fed-batch (MLFB, control of the substrate concentration close to zero), methanol non-limited fed-batch (MNLFB, maintenance of the substrate concentration at a constant value), as well as temperature limited fed-batch (TLFB). The MNLFB strategy for ROL expression led to 20–30 h reduction in the production time, a 11-fold higher final lipolytic activity, a 13.6-fold higher productivity and a 10.3-fold higher specific productivity compared to the DO-stat strategy (Minning, Serrano et al. 2001). After optimization of methanol concentration, the activity of Rhizopus chinensis lipase reached 2130 U/mL by maintaining methanol concentration at 1 g/L controlled by an on-line methanol analyzer (Wu, Yu et al. 2011). One of the main drawbacks of P. pastoris Mut+ phenotype is the high oxygen demand i n high cell density cultures using MNLFB strategy (Cos, Serrano et al. 2005). A TLFB strategy was thereafter applied to solve oxygen transfer limitations (Surribas, Stahn et al. 2007). Barrigà ³n et al. (Manuel Barrigon, Luis Montesinos et al. 2013) compared MLFB and MNLFB strategies for the production of mROL expressed in P. pastoris. Yields, productivities and specific production rate in all MLFB conditions were very low. Best results were obtained by MNLFB strategy at methanol set-point of 3 g/L, under which condition maximum lipase activity, productivity and specific productivity reached 280 U/mL, 5406 U/L/h, 102 U/g/h, respectively (Manuel Barrigon, Luis Montesinos et al. 2013) . Due to low specific growth rate of Muts phenotype, strategies to use mixed carbon sources in the induction phase are applied to improve the expression levels of mROL and to increase the productivity of the bioprocess. Glycerol and sorbitol are both frequently used as co-substrates. When glycerol was used as co-substrate, one of the key advantages is its higher ÃŽ ¼ (0.18 h−1 versus 0.02 h−1) compared with sorbitol. However, when the relation ÃŽ ¼Gly per ÃŽ ¼MeOH was larger than 4, a significant decrease of YP/X, volumetric and specific productivity was observed due to the repression of glycerol (Arnau, Casas et al. 2011). The sorbitol as an excellent non-repressive carbon source avoids the severe decrease of the specific production rate and it permits to achieve higher mROL production (Arnau, Ramon et al. 2010) (Ramon, Ferrer et al. 2007). During the induction stage, the ammonium ion released into the fermentation broth has a deep impact on cell growth and protein expression. In our previous study, the impact of NH4+ concentration on the expression of the R. oryzae chimeric lipase in P. pastoris co-expressed with ERO1p and PDI was investigated (Yu, Lu et al. 2013). Analysis of carbon metabolism and energy regeneration pattern revealed that under the optimum NH4+ concentration of 440 mmol/L more carbon source (methanol) was consumed with surged AOX activity and then the higher energy and amino acid precursors demand for recombinant protein synthesis is compensated for by the TCA cycle. Under the optimum NH4+ concentration the lipase activity reached 12,019 U/mL, which was 1.7-fold higher than that without supplement of NH4+ (Yu, Lu et al. 2013). It was also useful for other recombinant protein expression in P. pastoris by addition of inorganic nitrogen source (Kobayashi, Kuwae et al. 2000) (Zhang, Wang et al. 2008) (Yan g and Zhou 2004).

El Nino and La Nina :: essays research papers

What are El Nino and La Nina? El Nino and La Nina are unusual weather patterns that form in the period of 10 months. El Nino and La Nina both impact climates all around the world, each different in countries and regions. Normal weather patterns are when low atmospheric pressure is over northern Australia and Indonesia, and when high atmospheric pressure is over the Pacific Ocean. Winds move east to west over the Pacific. The east flows of the trade winds carries the warm surface waters to the west, and bring rainstorms to Indonesia and northern Australia. To the coast of Ecuador and Peru, warm surface water is pulled west, and the cold water beneath pulls up to replace it. This is called an upwelling. An El Nino happens in intervals of 3-7 years. The formation of this is related to the Pacific Southern Oscillation which is also the cycling of the Pacific Ocean circulation. The Pacific Southern Oscillation (the change of atmospheric pressures) happens when the easterly trade winds collapse, weaken, or even reverse. As this happens, the upwelling stops. The slight weakening of the winds cause a small change in sea surface temperatures, and the wind and pressure changes increase. The warm water of the western Pacific Ocean flow eastward and sea surface temperatures increase on the western coast of South America. When this occurs, the wet weather conditions (originally in the western Pacific) move east, and dry conditions (normally in the east) appear in the west. During El Nià ±o?s in the Pacific Northwest, the amount of precipitation greatly decreases, the winter temperatures get milder, and winter has below-average precipitation. Some economical and environmental impacts are that erosion is increasing due to severe storm surges, concerns that property built on low-lying areas or on top of unstable bluffs possibly be flooded or threatened by landslides due to regional climate changes, and various salmon species potentially endangered. In California, during El Nino?s they get extreme precipitation and snowfalls. Economical and environmental impacts are heavy precipitation, damage from debris flows or mudslides, and floods from the rain. El Nino seasons in Peru bring so much rainfall that there is now a lake made from the rain, compared to the desert it once was. Several economical and environmental impacts from El Nino include massive floods or mudslides, and since Peru lives in a cold-water zone, it carries many fish that are caught and so ld commercially, but during El Nino, a layer of warm water covers the nutrient-rich east coast waters, abruptly stopping the upwelling and the nutrients fail to come up.

The Most Devastating Lifestyle Disease

Disease concept note: Type 2 diabetesBy:College:Course:Professor:Date:Type 2 diabetesDiabetes has been named as one of the most devastating lifestyle disease on the globe. Unlike other diseases caused by lifestyle practices like cancer; it has no curative medicine. If affected one is advised to maintain a strict prescribed routine and medication to help return body cells to their normal functioning. Only two types of diabetes exist and both have the same causes. Apart from Glucose levels; insulin levels dictated by livers production in ones bloodstream that dictate if he or she affected with either type of diabetes strains. In type 2; better as diabetes mellitus, the glucose measure in blood is comparatively high to the insulin to counter it in the blood stream. Insulin is a fluid originating from the liver to facilitate the intake of processed glycogen into all body tissues, glucose is essential as it acts like the fuel that make all the vital organs function. Surprisingly, the two types of diabetes have same origins and use almost the same treatments. A slight disparity is only noticed when two patients in question come from distinct age brackets. If so, there treatment differs. It is mostly adults above 41 years that get the disease due to inactivity and obesity. If exhibited in children the cause is usually narrowed to one hence treatment becomes easy.Signs and Symptomsfrequent thirst and urination When glucose builds up in the body, tissues usually become dehydrated because the glucose will be sucking water from them too maintain it aqueous state. In effect the patient will feel dehydrated, drink water frequently and urinate all the time.Increased hunger; if the tissues exhibit prolonged resistance to insulin, their glucose levels will gradually decrease and this will culminate their inactivity. They will send hunger triggers to the brain and the affected patient will be compelled to feel hungry from time to time.Weight loss; if tissues in the body resist insulin all the time, the body will adjust naturally by slowly burning the glycogen deposits in muscles into glucose. This will lead to a drastic loss of body weight. General body weakness and fatigue; these effects are caused by prolonged hunger and weight loss. The muscles in limbs will be dehydrated and the patient will frequently feel tiredBlurred vision; the body will naturally tend to dehydrate other body organs to stabilize its level of manufactured glucose running in the blood. The eye balls will be dehydrated; this will be followed by an uncomfortable itchy and eventually a blurred vision.Slow scab formation on injuries and sores; high sugar levels hamper the production of heparin; the effect being reduction coagulation. After this; untreated wounds and sores will take long to heal if not heal at all. Acanthosis; this is the appearance of dark spots and skin fold and creases. High Sugar level will cause the body defense system to become weak and the patient will have an altered skin appearance due to fungal and bacterial inhibitionCausesLifestyle; One's lifestyle is always pivotal to how his body functions, if one fat and sugar consumption has risen then he or she is more likely to experience devastating effect of diabetes mellitus. Generic trait transfer; If from the patients lineage there has been history of the diseases then it is more likely that that the disease was inherited.Insulin resistance: when tissues in the body frequently resist insulin, the likelihood of type 2 diabetes to take effect increases. As the absorption rate of glucose reduces the chances of disease creeping in skyrockets. ComplicationsWhen type 2 diabetes goes is not stabilized or of the treatment does not work then the following complications will appear. Note; these complications may appear gradually, or sporadically.Atheroscherosis; it is the hardening and tightening of blood vessels. When blood sugar levels rise they will corrode then clog the walls of veins. This may lead to insensitivity of limbs.Cardiovascular disease; the effect of glucose clogging the walls of blood veins is that the lumen will narrow and blood will pressure will increase. The later consequence of this is heart attack, stroke and eventually death.Neuropathy; high sugar levels cause severe injury on capillaries. he effect of this are tingly, burning, numbness or pain feeling arising from the feet up to other body organs in the thorax. Kidney damage; delicate capillaries located in the kidneys will be damaged and the blood filtration process will halt causing the kidney to fail.RemediesThere is no curative medicine for the disease and medicine is only prescribed to help calm the effects or hasten some the healing process. The below remedies are given as recommendations as they only touch on the patient's lifestyle.Diet check; a diabetic patient must be cautious of the fat and sugar levels in his meal. Foods that have cholesterol, trans fat, and saturated fats should avoided at all costs.Regular exercise; this helps reduce the fat level in blood. Excess fat makes body tissues resistant to insulin. Exercise will also maintain the blood flow in one's body. It doesn't have to vigorous; a 30 minute a day is enough.Weight check; drastic weight loss is a sign of the disease advancing and weight gain to uninfected people increases the infection risk. These are enough reasons to keep ones weight in check. Regular medical checkup; glucose tests should be done regularly to ascertain the sugar levels in ones blood. It is only by the checkups that a patient will monitor the progress of the disease.ReferencesSource of symptoms and signs of type 2 diabeteshttps://www.mayoclinic.org/disease-conditions/type-2-diabets/symptoms-causes/Source of causes and remedies type 2 diabeteshttps://www.everydaydiseases.com/heart-health/heart-disease-and-diabetics

The Importance of Gaining Knowledge Essay - 838 Words

The phrase â€Å"Knowledge is Power† is carved into the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Inside one can find artifacts from centuries past and present. Throughout the many rooms divided by time periods and world powers, there are numerous relics depicting the differences between class systems and how knowledge has increased throughout the ages. The increase of knowledge can be linked to the success and power of each world power. Likewise, books highlight these same differences and link learning and knowledge to freedom and success. There are also many examples that concentrate on the connection between social class and the ability to gain knowledge. In the â€Å"Land of Opportunity†, James W. Loewen emphasizes the tie between class†¦show more content†¦Similarly, the Count of Monte Cristo was in a lower social class and unjustly imprisoned. But, while in prison, he was able to increase his range of knowledge. He considered the knowledge he w as gaining as a treasure even more valuable than monetary possessions. He says, â€Å"My real treasure is†¦the rays of intelligence you [the Abbà ©] have elicited from my brain† (Dumas 221). In both cases, Douglass and the Count of Monte Cristo compared knowledge to something as necessary as bread, or valuable as treasure. They focus on knowledge as the means to escape, which inadvertently gave each of them power. Their individual determination and desire to use power from knowledge gave them the strength to defy the social barriers and succeed. This contrasts to the idea Loewen emphasizes when saying, â€Å"Social class is probably the single most important variable in society† (Loewen 203). A desire to use knowledge to gain power, which can then be used in beneficial ways, plays another role in resisting social barriers. Power can be a dangerous thing at times. Throughout the centuries, there have been many individuals with vast knowledge and power. But, as the artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art show, not all have used their power in beneficial ways. History attests to that detail, and has shown much power has been used to create social classes in the first place. Loewen agrees with this claim and notes that history textbooks intentionally leave thisShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Ancient Literature700 Words   |  3 Pagesmanifested during the Warring States period (circa 475 -221 BCE). Confucius’s conviction that the political chaos he perceived around him could be avoided by returning to the moral values of the founders of the Zhou Dynasty. â€Å"His emphasis on the importance of social roles and rituals could reinforce existing hierarchies, but at the same time it allowed individuals to develop their inner potential and find a meaningful place in society† (p.1132). 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